Testing Salesforce integrations and customizations requires a systematic approach to ensure reliability, security, and performance. This guide presents verified testing methodologies and best practices backed by official Salesforce documentation and industry experts.
Core Testing Tools
- Salesforce DX (SFDX): The official command-line interface for Salesforce development enables source-driven development and automated testing. SFDX creates scratch orgs – temporary Salesforce environments that help isolate testing and development. This allows developers to test changes without affecting production or sandbox environments.
- Visual Studio Code with Salesforce Extensions: The officially recommended IDE for Salesforce development provides integrated debugging capabilities, test execution, and code coverage analysis. It offers real-time syntax checking, code completion, and direct deployment to Salesforce orgs.
- Lightning Testing Service (LTS): This framework specifically tests Lightning components using standard JavaScript testing tools like Jest. It provides component isolation testing capabilities and mock service implementations for testing component behavior without backend dependencies.
Testing Methodologies
Unit Testing Fundamentals
Unit testing in Salesforce verifies that individual components (like Apex classes, methods, or Lightning components) function correctly in isolation by testing specific inputs and outputs while using mocked dependencies to ensure consistent and predictable results.
@isTest
public class AccountServiceTest {
// Test setup creates common test data for all test methods
@testSetup
static void setup() {
// Create standardized test data
Account testAccount = new Account(
Name = 'Test Account',
Industry = 'Technology'
);
insert testAccount;
}
// Example test method following Arrange-Act-Assert pattern
@isTest
static void whenUpdateAccount_thenFieldsAreUpdated() {
// Arrange: Get test data
Account testAccount = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account LIMIT 1];
// Act: Perform the operation we're testing
Test.startTest();
testAccount.Name = 'Updated Name';
update testAccount;
Test.stopTest();
// Assert: Verify the results
Account updatedAccount = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account WHERE Id = :testAccount.Id];
System.assertEquals('Updated Name', updatedAccount.Name,
'Account name should be updated');
}
}The unit testing approach above demonstrates several key principles:
- Test Setup: The @testSetup method creates data once and makes it available to all test methods in the class, improving performance and reducing code duplication.
- Test Method Structure: Each test follows the Arrange-Act-Assert pattern, making the test’s purpose and flow clear.
- Meaningful Assertions: Assertions include descriptive messages explaining what’s being tested and why.
Integration Testing
Integration testing examines how different parts of your Salesforce application work together by testing the interactions between components, such as how Apex classes communicate with external systems, how Lightning components interact with the backend, or how automated processes flow across multiple objects and systems.
@isTest
public class ExternalServiceTest {
// Mock external service responses
public class MockHttpResponse implements HttpCalloutMock {
public HTTPResponse respond(HTTPRequest req) {
// Create a fake response
HttpResponse res = new HttpResponse();
res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');
res.setBody('{"status": "success"}');
res.setStatusCode(200);
return res;
}
}
@isTest
static void testExternalServiceCall() {
// Set up the mock
Test.setMock(HttpCalloutMock.class, new MockHttpResponse());
// Perform the callout
Test.startTest();
HttpResponse response = ExternalService.makeCallout();
Test.stopTest();
// Verify the response
System.assertEquals(200, response.getStatusCode(),
'External service should return success status code');
System.assertEquals('{"status": "success"}', response.getBody(),
'Response body should match expected format');
}
}This integration testing approach demonstrates:
- Mock Services: Using mock implementations to simulate external service behavior, ensuring tests are reliable and don’t depend on external systems.
- Response Verification: Check the response status and content to ensure proper integration behavior.
Performance Testing
Performance testing evaluates how your Salesforce customizations and integrations behave under various conditions, particularly focusing on response times, resource usage, and system behavior when processing large volumes of data or handling multiple concurrent users within governor limits.
@isTest
static void testBulkProcessing() {
// Create test data
List<Account> testAccounts = new List<Account>();
for(Integer i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
testAccounts.add(new Account(
Name = 'Test Account ' + i
));
}
// Test bulk processing
Test.startTest();
insert testAccounts;
AccountProcessor.processAccounts(testAccounts);
Test.stopTest();
// Verify results
List<Account> processedAccounts = [SELECT Id, Status__c
FROM Account
WHERE Id IN :testAccounts];
for(Account acc : processedAccounts) {
System.assertEquals('Processed', acc.Status__c,
'All accounts should be processed successfully');
}
}Performance testing focuses on:
- Bulk Data Processing: Testing with large datasets to verify behavior under governor limits.
- Resource Usage: Monitoring CPU time, heap size, and query limits during bulk operations.
- Asynchronous Operations: Verifying that batch and future methods handle large datasets correctly.
Security Testing
Security testing in Salesforce validates that your customizations and configurations properly enforce access controls, data security, and sharing rules by verifying proper object and field-level permissions, testing authorization workflows, and ensuring sensitive data remains protected across different user contexts and profiles.
@isTest
static void testSecurityAccess() {
// Create a test user with specific profile
Profile p = [SELECT Id FROM Profile WHERE Name='Standard User'];
User testUser = new User(
ProfileId = p.Id,
LastName = 'Test User',
Email = 'test@example.com',
Username = 'test@example.com' + System.currentTimeMillis(),
CompanyName = 'TEST',
Title = 'title',
Alias = 'alias',
TimeZoneSidKey = 'America/Los_Angeles',
EmailEncodingKey = 'UTF-8',
LanguageLocaleKey = 'en_US',
LocaleSidKey = 'en_US'
);
System.runAs(testUser) {
// Attempt operations as test user
try {
Account acc = new Account(Name = 'Test');
insert acc;
System.assert(false, 'User should not have insert access');
} catch(DmlException e) {
System.assert(e.getMessage().contains('INSUFFICIENT_ACCESS'),
'Expected insufficient access error');
}
}
}Security testing encompasses:
- User Context Testing: Verifying behavior under different user contexts and profiles.
- Access Controls: Testing field-level security, object permissions, and sharing rules.
- Error Handling: Ensuring appropriate error messages when access is denied.
Best Practices for Modern Salesforce Testing
Effective testing in modern Salesforce development requires a systematic approach beyond simply achieving code coverage requirements. Following established best practices, development teams can ensure their applications are reliable, maintainable, and performant while protecting against regressions and simplifying the deployment process.
- Test Data Management: Create dedicated test data factories that generate consistent, realistic test data. Never rely on existing organization data for tests.
- Isolation: Each test should be independent and not rely on the state created by other tests. Use @testSetup methods to create necessary test data.
- Meaningful Coverage: Focus on testing business logic and edge cases rather than just achieving the 75% code coverage requirement.
- Error Scenarios: Include tests for error conditions and verify that appropriate error handling occurs.
- Version Control: Keep tests in version control alongside the code they test—update tests when functionality changes.
- Documentation: Include clear comments explaining the purpose of each test method and any non-obvious testing scenarios.
These practices have evolved alongside Salesforce’s platform capabilities to incorporate both traditional testing methodologies and newer approaches enabled by tools like Salesforce DX and Lightning Testing Service.
Effective Salesforce testing requires proper tools, methodologies, and practices. By following these guidelines and continually updating testing strategies as Salesforce evolves, teams can maintain high-quality implementations that meet business needs while ensuring security and performance.
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