An integrated circuit that consolidates all the essential components of a computer or electronic system onto a single chip. This typically includes a central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), memory controllers, input/output interfaces, and increasingly, specialized processors like Neural Processing Units (NPUs) or Digital Signal Processors (DSPs).
Unlike traditional systems that rely on multiple discrete chips for different functions, an SoC delivers a highly compact, power-efficient, and cost-effective solution by integrating these elements into one package. This integration reduces latency between components, minimizes physical space requirements, and enhances overall performance per watt.
SoCs are commonly used in mobile phones, tablets, wearables, smart home devices, and other embedded systems where size and energy efficiency are critical. They’re also foundational in edge computing and IoT devices, allowing for localized processing without relying on cloud infrastructure.
Leading SoC designs, such as Apple’s M-series or Qualcomm’s Snapdragon platforms, combine high-performance computing capabilities with AI acceleration, secure enclaves, wireless radios (e.g., Wi-Fi, 5G), and advanced media processing. As a result, SoCs enable powerful, multifunctional devices that maintain long battery life and compact form factors.
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