A nonprofit organization headquartered in Los Angeles, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) coordinates the global system of unique identifiers that keeps the internet stable and interoperable. Established in 1998, ICANN manages the Domain Name System (DNS), ensuring that every domain name is correctly mapped to its corresponding IP address. This prevents conflicts and ensures reliable access to websites and online services worldwide.
Role in Domain Name Management
ICANN oversees the allocation and management of domain names, IP addresses, protocol parameter registries, and root servers. It does not sell domain names directly but accredits registrars, companies that handle the retail side of domain registration.
- Policy development: ICANN plays a central role in developing and enforcing policies for domain name management.
- Top-level domains: It manages generic top-level domains (gTLDs) such as .com, .org, and .net, and introduces new TLDs like .app or .shop.
Governance Model
ICANN operates under a multi-stakeholder governance model, bringing together governments, private companies, technical experts, civil society, and users to shape policy decisions. This open and collaborative approach has been critical in maintaining the decentralized and global nature of the internet.
Coordination with Regional Internet Registries
ICANN coordinates with regional internet registries (RIRs) to allocate blocks of IP addresses globally. This ensures that IP addresses are distributed efficiently and fairly across different regions.
Transition of IANA Stewardship Functions
On October 1, 2016, the contract regarding the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) stewardship functions between ICANN and the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) of the United States Department of Commerce ended. This transition formally moved the functions to the global multistakeholder community.
